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French - Le corbeau et le renard, Colloquial Expressions, False Cognates, Adverbs   

Le corbeau et le renard

Le Corbeau et le Renard
Jean de la Fontaine

Maître corbeau, sur un arbre perché,
Tenait en son bec un fromage,
Maître renard, par l'odeur alléché,
Lui tint à peu près ce langage:
<<Eh bonjour, Monsieur du Corbeau.
Que vous êtes joli!  que vous me semblez beau!
Sans mentir, si votre ramage
Se rapporte à votre plumage,
Vous êtes le phénix des hôtes de ces bois.>>
A ces mots, le corbeau ne sent pas de joie;
Et pour montrer sa belle voix,
Il ouvre un large bec, laisse tomber sa proie.
Le renard s'en saisit, et dit: <<Mon bon monsieur,
Apprenez que tout flatteur
Vit aux dépens de celui qui l'écoute.
Cette leçon vaut bien un fromage sans doute.>>
Le corbeau, honteux et confus,
Jura, mais un peu tard, qu'on ne l'y prendrait plus.

The Crow and the Fox
Jean de la Fontaine

Master crow, on a tree perched,
Held in his beak a cheese,
Master fox, by the odor attracted,
Held him with almost this language:
"Well hello, Mister Crow.
You are so pretty!  You seem to me beautiful!
Without lying, if your song
Is comparable to your feathers,
You are the Phoenix of these woods."
At these words, the crow was overcome with joy;
And to show his beautiful voice,
He opened his mouth wide, and dropped his prey.
The fox seized it, and said: "My good mister,
Learn that every flatterer
Lives at the expense of those who listen to him.
This lesson is well worth a cheese without doubt."
The crow, ashamed and embarrassed,
Swore, but a little late, that he would never be taken again.

Translation by me, that's why it's literal and not very good.

Colloquial Expressions

Il faut + infinitive (it is necessary, one must)
Il faut tourner à gauche.  It is necessary to turn left.
Il faut faire les devoirs.  One must do homework.
Il lui faut aller à l'école.  He must go to school.

Il reste (there remains)
Il reste une chambre.  There is one room left.
Il n'en reste plus.  There are no more left.
Il me reste trois jours.  I have three days left.

Notice that il faut and il reste can both take an object pronoun to indicate a person.

Il vaut mieux + infinitive (it is better)
Il vaut mieux prendre le bus.  It is better to take the bus.
Il vaut mieux apprendre les langues que la politique.  It's better to learn languages than politics.

Il s'agit de (it's a question of, it's a matter of, it's about)
De quoi s'agit-il?  What's is about?
Il ne s'agit pas de ça!  That's not the point!
Il s'agit de ton avenir.  It's a matter of your future.

Avoir beau (although, despite the fact, however much)
J'ai beau étudier cette langue, je ne la parle pas.  Although I study this language, I don't speak it.
Il a beau faire froid, nous sortirons.  Although is it cold, we will go out.

False Cognates

Les faux-amis or false cognates are a common pitfall among language students.  The following are some common words that you may be deceived by:

Abus is used to mean excess or overindulgence, and usually not abuse.
Disposer means to arrange or to have available, not to dispose of.
Une injure is an insult, not an injury.
Actuel and actuellement mean current and currently.
Avertissement is a warning, not an advertisement.
Une recette is a recipe, not a receipt.
Fournitures refers to supplies, not furniture.
Original means new or innovative, while originel refers to origins.
Humeur means mood, not humor.
Formel is used to mean strict, not formal.

Adverbs

bien well quelquefois sometimes
mieux better toujours always
mal badly vite quickly
peu little donc therefore
déjà already encore yet
bientôt soon quelque part somewhere
ici here maintenant now
there tôt early
dedans inside tard late
dehors outside peut-être maybe
souvent often jamais (n)ever
d'habitude usually nulle part nowhere

To form an adverb, simply take the feminine form of an adjective and add -ment to the end.  If the masculine form ends in -e, you just add the -ment to that.  Adjectives ending in -ent or -ant take the endings -emment and -amment.

Masculine Feminine Adverb
naturel naturelle naturellement
heureux heureuse heureusement
lent lente lentement
facile facile facilement
probable probable probablement
intelligent inelligente intelligemment
brillant brillante brillamment
récent récente récemment

Note:  Some adverbs such as actuellement (currently, now) and éventuellement (possibly, perhaps) can be deceiving.  

A Few Irregular Adverbs
vrai vraiment
gentil gentiment
profond profondément
bref brièvement
précis précisément

Note:  Adverbs are placed right after the verb in a simple tense.  Adverbs of opinion and time usually go at the beginning or end of the sentence.  When peut-être and sans doute begin a sentence or clause, they are usually followed by que.  With the passé composé, most adverbs are placed between the auxiliary verb and past participle.  In negative sentences, pas precedes the adverb, except with peut-être, sans doute, sûrement, and probablement.  Adverbs of time and place generally follow the past participle.

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