French, Past Infinitive , To Die, Subjunctive Mood

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French - Past Infinitive , To Die, Subjunctive Mood

Past Infinitive

The past infinitive is used to express something that has already happened. Verbs such as s'excuser, regretter, and remercier are often used in this tense. It is formed with the infinitive of the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) and the past participle of the main verb. And the past participle can have agreement as well, with either the subject or the object, depending on the sentence. Whenever après is followed by a verb, it is always a past infinitive. And note that negative expressions precede an infinitive.

Je vous remercie d'être venus.	I thank you for coming (or having come.)
Excusez-moi d'être arrivé(e) en retard.	Excuse me for arriving (or having arrived) late.
Après avoir fini mes études, je veux devenir professeur.	After finishing (or having finished) my studies, I want to become a teacher.
Elle regrette de ne pas avoir posé la question.	She regrets not asking (or having asked) the question.

To Die

Mourir-to die *(moo-reer)*
meurs	muhr	mourons	moo-rohn
meurs	muhr	mourez	moo-ray
meurt	muhr	meurent	muhr

Subjunctive Mood

If a sentence expresses a subjective statement of opinion, the subjunctive mood is used. The subjunctive is used in dependent clauses introduced by the word que. The main clause must express personal opinions or feelings and have a different subject from the dependent clause. If the two subjects are the same, the infinitive is used.

Je doute que la situation soit juste. I doubt that the situation is just. (shows judgment and opinion)
Tout le monde veut que venir. NOT: Tout le monde veut que tout le monde vienne. (use infinitive, same subject)

To form the subjunctive, use the ils/elles form of the present indicative tense. This is also the form for the ils/elles form of the subjunctive. For je, tu, il/elle, drop the -ent and add -e, -es, and -e. Nous and vous use the imperfect forms.

**Drop the -ent of present form, and add:**
-e	-ions
-es	-iez
-e	-ent

Irregular Forms

avoir		être		faire		aller
aie (ay)	ayons	sois (swaw)	soyons	fasse	fassions	aille (eye)	allions
aies	ayez	sois	soyez	fasses	fassiez	ailles	alliez
ait	aient	soit	soient	fasse	fassent	aille	aillent

vouloir		pouvoir		savoir		pleuvoir
veuille (vuhee)	voulions	puisse (pweess)	puissions	sache	sachions
veuilles	vouliez	puisses	puissiez	saches	sachiez
veuille	veuillent	puisse	puissent	sache	sachent	pleuve

Here is a list of common expressions that are followed by the subjunctive:

Verbal Expressions	Conjunctions
douter	avant que
suggérer	pour / afin que
vouloir	jusqu'à ce que
proposer	à moins que
avoir peur	bien que / quoique
regretter
craindre
être content/triste/désolé(e)/surpris(e), etc.
penser/croire/trouver (negative and interrogative forms only)
il faut que
il vaut mieux que
il est important que
il se peut que
il est possible que
il est temps que
c'est dommage que

However, douter, jusqu'à ce que, à moins que, and bien que / quoique use the subjunctive whether there is a change in subject or not. And when using avant before an infinitive, the construction is avant de + infinitive. Note, also, that the subjunctive is not used with espérer or il est probable, although the subjunctive may be used with these words in other Romance languages. For some reason, this is not the case in French.