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 German - Verbs with Prepositions, Separable Prefixes, Inseparable Prefixes |
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Verbs with Prepositions
| arbeiten an + dative |
to work on |
| erzählen von + dative |
to talk about |
| fahren mit + dative |
to go (by means of) |
| haben Angst vor + dative |
to be afraid of |
| helfen bei + dative |
to help with |
| halten von + dative |
to think of, to value |
| handeln von + dative |
to deal with |
| träumen von + dative |
to dream of |
| denken an + accusative |
to think of |
| lachen über + accusative |
to laugh about |
| lesen über + accusative |
to read about |
| nachdenken über + accusative |
to think about |
| schreiben an + accusative |
to write to |
| schreiben über + accusative |
to write about |
| sprechen über + accusative |
to talk about |
| warten auf + accusative |
to wait for |
| bitten um + accusative |
to ask for |
| glauben an + accusative |
to believe in |
| sorgen für + accusative |
to care for |
Separable Prefixes
| ab- |
auf- |
bei- |
mit- |
vor- |
weg- |
zurück- |
| an- |
aus- |
los- |
nach- |
vorbei- |
zu- |
zusammen- |
These prefixes are added to the infinitive and change the meaning of the verb. Kommen is to come, but ankommen is to arrive. When conjugated, the prefix goes to the end of the sentence. Er kommt um fünf Uhr an means "he is arriving at 5." But Er kommt um drei Uhr means "he is coming at 3." With modals, the infinitive goes to the end of the sentence as usual, but the prefix remains attached. Ich will jetzt ausgehen means "I want to go out now."
Verbs with Separable Prefixes
| abholen |
to pick someone up |
|
zuhören |
to listen to |
| ankommen |
to arrive |
|
mitnehmen |
to take with |
| anrufen |
to call up |
|
einsteigen |
to board |
| aufhören |
to stop |
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vorbeikommen |
to come by |
| aufstehen |
to get up |
|
anzünden |
to light (candles) |
| ausfüllen |
to fill in (the blanks) |
|
ausgeben |
to spend |
| ausgehen |
to go out |
|
anziehen |
to put on clothes |
| aussehen |
to look like, appear |
|
ausziehen |
to take off clothes |
| einkaufen |
to shop |
|
ansehen |
to look at, watch |
| einpacken |
to pack up |
|
aufräumen |
to tidy up (clothes) |
| fernsehen |
to watch TV |
|
ausleeren |
to empty |
| austragen |
to deliver |
|
aufmachen |
to open |
| vorschlagen |
to suggest |
|
zumachen |
to close |
| wegstellen |
to put away |
|
anmachen |
to turn on |
| einschlafen |
to fall asleep |
|
ausmachen |
to turn off |
| anfangen |
to begin |
|
abräumen |
to clear (the table) |
| aufwachen |
to wake up |
|
züruckkommen |
to come back |
| auswandern |
to emigrate |
|
vorstellen |
to introduce |
| weggehen |
to go away |
|
aufwischen |
to mop up |
| abtrocknen |
to dry (dishes) |
|
abwischen |
to wipe clean |
| mitkommen |
to come with |
|
einladen |
to invite |
| anschauen |
to look at |
|
zusehen |
to observe |
Inseparable Prefixes
| be- |
ent- |
ge- |
ver- |
| emp- |
er- |
miss- |
zer- |
These prefixes always remain attached to their infinitives. The inseparable prefixes are unstressed syllables, as compared to the separable prefixes which can stand alone as different words. Some examples of verbs with inseparable prefixes are besuchen - to visit, erzählen - to tell, gewinnen - to win, and versprechen - to promise.
Unter and über can function as separable prefixes, but they are much more commonly used as inseparable prefixes. When prefixes are stressed, they are separable; when they are not stressed, they are inseparable. The stress on the following verbs in not on the prefix, so they are all inseparable: unterhalten - to entertain, unternehmen - to undertake, überholen - to overtake, and übersetzen - to translate.
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