Italian, Subject Pronouns, To Be and to Have, To Know People and Facts

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Italian - Subject Pronouns, To Be and to Have, To Know People and Facts

Subject Pronouns


io	ee-oh	I	noi	noy	we
tu	too	you (familiar singular)	voi	voy	you (plural)
lui, lei	lwee/lay	he, she, you (polite sing.)	loro	loh-roh	they, you (polite pl.)

Note: The Lei form is generally used for you (singular), instead of tu, unless you're referring to kids or animals. Loro can also mean "you," but only in very polite situations.

To Be and to Have

**Essere - to be**
I am	sono	soh-noh	We are	siamo	see-ah-moh
You are	sei	say	You are	siete	see-eh-teh
He/she/it is	è	eh	They are	sono	soh-noh

Note: You do not have to use the subject pronouns as the different conjugations imply the subject.

**Past and Future of Essere**
I was	ero	we were	eravamo	I will be	sarò	we will be	saremo
you were	eri	you were	eravate	you will be	sarai	you will be	sarete
he/she/it is	era	they were	erano	he/she/it will be	sarà	they will be	saranno

**Avere - to have**
I have	ho	oh	We have	abbiamo	ahb-bee-ah-mo
You have	hai	eye	You have	avete	ah-veh-teh
He/she has	ha	ah	They have	hanno	ahn-noh

**Past and Future of Avere**
I had	avevo	we had	avevamo	I will have	avrò	we will have	avremo
you had	avevi	you had	avevate	you will have	avrai	you will have	avrete
he/she/it had	aveva	they had	avevano	he/she/it will have	avrà	they will have	avranno

Avere is used with many idioms and expressions that normally use the verb to be in English:
avere fame - to be hungry
avere sete - to be thirsty
avere caldo - to be warm
avere freddo - to be cold
avere fretta - to be in a hurry
avere paura - to be afraid
avere ragione - to be right
avere sonno - to be sleepy
avere bisogno di - to need
avere (number) anni - to be (number) years old

To Know People and Facts

Conoscere-to know, be acquainted with		Sapere-to know (facts)
conosco	conosciamo	so	sappiamo
conosci	conoscete	sai	sapete
conosce	conoscono	sa	sanno

Note: Conoscere is used when you know people and places. It is conjugated regularly. Sapere is used when you know facts. Sapere followed by an infinitive means to know how.